ÐÏࡱá>þÿ egþÿÿÿdÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿì¥Á€ ðR¿.5bjbjúú2Tuu ,
ÿÿÿÿÿÿ·‚‚ËËËËËÿÿÿÿßßß8d{ ߸Ll—————ËËËCLELELELELELEL$N¢ÆP:EL-ËËËËËËELËË——4rLÑÑÑËZË—Ë—CLÑËCLÑÑÑ—ÿÿÿÿ·¶¸oÓß%FÑ/LˆL0¸LÑQkFQÑѶ/QˇI¨ËËÑËËËËËELEL± ËË˸LËËËËÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿQËËËËËËËËË‚ ‘: Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly
Volume 46, Issue 2, April 2017
1. Title: Becoming Business-Like
Authors: Daniel King
Abstract: How do nonprofit practitioners learn to understand themselves as nonprofit professionals? Although the literature has explored the extent and repercussions of nonprofits becoming more business-like and professionalized, little attention has been placed on the process through which this professionalization occurs. Using an autoethnography based on my practice as cofounder and eventual manager of a small nonprofit organization, this article narrates the range of practices and mechanisms through which I came to understand myself as a nonprofit professional. Following Mitchell Dean, who draws heavily on Michel Foucault’s later work, this article argues that professionalization is taught to nonprofit practitioners through two intertwined mechanisms: the “technologies of performance,” which include funding, and evaluation and monitoring procedures; and “technologies of agency,” which involve the often subtle socialization mechanisms into the sector. It thus deepens our understanding of how the transition toward being more business-like is occurring.
2. Title: Supported Social Enterprise
Authors: Andrea Chan, Sherida Ryan, Jack Quarter.
Abstract: This article presents a study of supported social enterprise, a hybrid organization that not only either employs or trains members of marginalized social groups, often on disability pensions and social assistance, but also has social welfare characteristics. These organizations sell services and goods, like other forms of social enterprise, but rely heavily on external support from government programs, foundations, and a parenting nonprofit. The article presents an empirical study using a survey and interviews of participants in these organizations from Ontario, Canada, and notes that even though they earn minimally from work in these organizations, they view the experience positively. The final discussion centers on the concept of supported social enterprise and raises the question as to whether such organizations should be viewed primarily as a form of social enterprise or as a modified form of social welfare organization.
3. Title: Prediction of Financial Vulnerability to Funding Instability
Authors: Gila Burde, Ahron Rosenfeld, Zachary Sheaffer.
Abstract: Financial vulnerability of nonprofit organizations arising from governmental funding instability is examined using hazard analysis. Funding instability is characterized by time-at-risk, and vulnerability is expressed by hazard rate measuring the speed of nonprofit organizations closure. The analysis provides estimation of instantaneous probability of a nonprofit organization failure at a given point in time. Drawing on 2,660 Israeli nonprofit organizations, we found that the relationship between hazard rate and time-at-risk has an inverted U–shape curve; hazard rate increases with time-at-risk, reaches a maximum then descends.
4. Title: Beyond Grantmaking
Authors: Heng Qu, Una Osili.
Abstract: This study investigates program-related investments (PRIs), which are mechanisms that foundations can use to achieve charitable purposes while generating moderate financial returns. There is a growing interest in PRIs and other similar market-based approaches among practitioners of philanthropy recently. We examine the internal and external factors that influence PRIs by U.S. foundations through both quantitative and qualitative analyses. By analyzing the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and Foundation Center data, we find that foundations with more financial and human resources are more likely to adopt PRIs initially and also more intensively engage in PRIs. Foundations of 25 years or older invest less money in PRIs than younger foundations. Findings from the interviews with eight foundations reveal additional factors influencing foundations’ PRI activities, including staffing and expertise, the board and executive leadership, changes in the legal and economic environment, sectoral trends and peer networks, and the interests and needs of PRI recipients.
5. Title: Can Philanthropy Be Taught?
Authors: Lindsey McDougle, Danielle McDonald, Huafang Li, Whitney McIntyre Miller, Chengxin Xu.
Abstract: In recent years, colleges and universities have begun investing significant resources into an innovative pedagogy known as experiential philanthropy. The pedagogy is considered to be a form of service-learning. It is defined as a learning approach that provides students with opportunities to study social problems and nonprofit organizations and then make decisions about investing funds in them. Experiential philanthropy is intended to integrate academic learning with community engagement by teaching students not only about the practice of philanthropy but also how to evaluate philanthropic responses to social issues. Despite this intent, there has been scant evidence demonstrating that this type of pedagogic instruction has quantifiable impacts on students’ learning or their personal development. Therefore, this study explores learning and development outcomes associated with experiential philanthropy and examines the efficacy of experiential philanthropy as a pedagogic strategy within higher education. Essentially, we seek to answer the question, Can philanthropy be taught?
6. Title: The Involvement/Exclusion Paradox of Spontaneous Volunteering
Authors: Margaret Harris, Duncan Shaw, Judy Scully, Chris M. Smith, Graham Hieke.
Abstract: This article focuses on the involvement and management of spontaneous volunteers (SVs). It develops a new theory—which we call the “involvement/exclusion” paradox—about a situation which is frequently manifested when SVs converge in times of disaster. After reviewing research and policy guidance relating to spontaneous volunteering, we present findings from a study of responses to winter flood episodes in England. Taking together the empirical findings and the literature, the article analyzes elements inherent in the involvement/exclusion paradox and develops a conceptual model to illustrate and explain the paradox. Implications for managers and future research are discussed.
7. Title: Identity and Personality Influences on Donating Money, Time, and Blood
Authors: Katherine M. White, Brooke E. Poulsen, Melissa K. Hyde.
Abstract: Building on previous research that examined role identity in relation to volunteering, this study explored the impact of identity and personality for three giving behaviors: donating money, volunteering time, and donating blood. This study examined the contribution of general identity as a helpful person, role identity specific to each behavior, and personality traits of conscientiousness and agreeableness within the decision-making framework of the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Participants (N = 203) completed a questionnaire measuring role identity (general and behavior specific), conscientiousness and agreeableness, and the TPB constructs of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention to donate. Three months later, participants reported whether they had engaged in each behavior. The results demonstrated that identity as a donor (i.e., specifically of money, time, or as a blood donor) emerged as more important in determining people’s giving actions than general role identity as a helpful person or global personality characteristics.
8. Title: Religious Service Attendance and Volunteering
Authors: Young-Il Kim, Sung Joon Jang.
Abstract: Despite methodological advances in studying the relationship between religious attendance and volunteering, its dynamic nature still needs to be elucidated. We apply growth curve modeling to examine whether trajectories of religious attendance and volunteering are related to each other over a 15-year period in a nationally representative sample from the Americans’ Changing Lives data (1986-2002). Multivariate results showed that the rates of change in religious attendance and volunteering were positively related, and excluding religious volunteering did not alter the finding. It was also found that the initial level of religious attendance was positively associated with the rate of increase in volunteer hours over the period. Mediation analyses revealed that participation in voluntary associations explained the dynamic relationships between religious attendance and volunteering. These results provide evidence that involvement in organized religion and volunteering are dual activities that change together over the adult life course.
9. Title: Volunteering During an Emergency
Authors: Liat Kulik
Abstract: The present study examined differences in the volunteering experience during an emergency situation using a life stage perspective. The volunteering experience was examined in a sample of 472 volunteers who volunteered during Operation Protective Edge in Israel, based on their motives for volunteering, satisfaction with the intrinsic and extrinsic aspects of volunteering, and intentions to volunteer in the future. The findings indicate that motives of social solidarity and of escape from reality through volunteering are higher among volunteers in late adolescence than among volunteers in middle and late adulthood. No differences were found in the motive of personal empowerment through volunteering. Men tend to express a higher intention to volunteer in the future than women. The findings indicate a need to expand the theory that explains differences in the volunteering experience along the life cycle in routine situations, such that it will also be compatible with volunteering in emergency situations.
10. Title: Volunteer Engagement and Retention
Authors: Elizabeth R. Harp, Lisa L. Scherer, Joseph A. Allen.
Abstract: The declining number of U.S. volunteers is troubling, necessitating improved understanding of drivers of volunteer retention such as volunteer engagement. We utilized the job demands-resources model to investigate the moderating role of community service self-efficacy (CSSE) on the relationships between two demands (organizational constraints and role ambiguity) and volunteer engagement. Volunteers (N = 235) from three U.S. nonprofit organizations participated in a survey as part of a volunteer program assessment. Volunteers who encountered greater organizational constraints and role ambiguity were less engaged. In addition, CSSE attenuated the negative relationship between organizational constraints and engagement, but not the negative association between role ambiguity and engagement. When faced with organizational constraints, volunteers with higher CSSE reported greater engagement than those with lower CSSE. Organizations should therefore assess and support volunteers CSSE to bolster their engagement when faced with demands. Further recommendations for increasing volunteer engagement are discussed.
åN N/ffNÄ‹:
11. Title: Nonprofits in crisis: Economic development, risk, and the philanthropic Kuznets curve by N. S. Themudo
Authors: Michael D. Layton
Abstract: The article reviews the book “Nonprofits in Crisis: Economic Development, Risk, and the Philanthropic Kuznets Curve,” by Nuno S. Themudo.
()02:;=BEGHIKSTUklmuíÜʹʹʧ˜¹„|oaZOAa4ahjŒ5OJQJ^Jo(h¡U h¡U 5OJQJ^Jh¡U 5OJQJ^J h¡U h¡U hÌ"èhU<¬5OJQJ^Jh·uD5OJQJ^Jo(hÌ"èhÌ"èo(&hÌ"èhÌ"è5CJOJQJ^JaJo( h
2e5CJOJQJ^JaJ#h¡U h¡U 5CJOJQJ^JaJ h¡U 5CJOJQJ^JaJo(#hÌ"èhÌ"è5CJOJQJ^JaJ h$-Ó5CJ OJQJ^JaJ o(#h¡U h¡U 5CJ OJQJ^JaJ )HIJmƒ² ³ Û
ÄÅ
FÌÍì
BCkÌ ÷÷òíèíããèÞÞãèÙÙãèÔÔÏèÊÏgdÐpsgd)w¤gd$?ÃgdToŸgdßl$gd%j,gd¡U gdU<¬gdÌ"è$a$gdt4uv‚ƒŒ° ± ² ³ ´ ¶ ¼ ½ ¾ Ù Ú Û ã ä
ÂùëàÓÅù¸ªœ‘„Åvùkë„[vùëN„[vù¸h¡U 5OJQJ^Jo( hvI¼hßl$5OJQJ^Jo(h¡U 5OJQJ^Jhßl$hßl$5OJQJ^Jhßl$5OJQJ^Jo(hjŒ5OJQJo(hiht4OJQJ^Jo(h¡U hjŒOJQJ^Jo(h¡U h¡U OJQJ^JhÌ"èhU<¬5OJQJ^Jht45OJQJ^Jo(hicy5OJQJ^Jh¡U h¡U 5OJQJ^J h¡U h¡U ÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÎÏÐ
CDEFOPÊËÌÍñãØ˽¶¨Ë¨xk˨x^PCØhiha NOJQJ^Jh¡U hToŸOJQJ^Jo(h¡U h¡U OJQJ^Jh¡U 5OJQJ^Jo( h¡U h¡U hvI¼hToŸ5OJQJ^Jo(h¡U h¡U 5OJQJ^Jh¡U 5OJQJ^JhToŸhToŸ5OJQJ^J hToŸhToŸhÌ"èhÒ`Œ5OJQJ^JhToŸ5OJQJ^Jo(h%j,5OJQJo(hihU<¬OJQJ^Jo(hihßl$OJQJ^Jo(ÍÎÐÖ×Øêëìôõ
@ABCDFóå×ÐÅ·ªš×зªš×ЀrdYL>hÌ"èh)w¤5OJQJ^JhÐps5OJQJ^Jo(h)w¤5OJQJo(hvI¼h%j,OJQJ^Jo(h¡U h$?ÃOJQJ^Jo(h¡U h¡U OJQJ^Jh¡U 5OJQJ^Jo( hvI¼h$?Ã5OJQJ^Jo(h$?Ã5OJQJ^Jo(h¡U h¡U 5OJQJ^Jh¡U 5OJQJ^J h¡U h¡U h$?Ãh$?Ã5OJQJ^JhÌ"èh%j,5OJQJ^Jhs/Ê5OJQJ^Jo(FLMNijkstÉÊËÌÕÖ % & ' d ñêßÑĶñêÑ©Ä™‹ê~peXJ<êßÑhr7Ahr7A5OJQJ^JhÌ"èh)w¤5OJQJ^Jhr7A5OJQJ^Jo(h)w¤5OJQJo(h¡U h)w¤OJQJ^Jo(h¡U h¡U OJQJ^Jh$?Ãh)w¤5OJQJ^J hvI¼h)w¤5OJQJ^Jo(h¡U 5OJQJ^Jo(hvI¼hÐps5OJQJ^JhÐps5OJQJ^Jo(h¡U h¡U 5OJQJ^Jh¡U 5OJQJ^J h¡U h¡U hÐpshÐps5OJQJ^J f ¹ q r Å !L%M%‡%®%Ð)Ñ)þ)*..G.†.ä3æ3ô3ö3n4úõðúúõëúúõæúúáÜúúá×úúÒúágd[gdÿ_gdLz¥gdH ‘gd)ggd|ÿgdr7Agd¡U gd)w¤d e f n o ¶ · ¸ ¹  à o p q r s u óå×е§—‰Ð|n`UH:hÌ"èh)w¤5OJQJ^Jh|ÿ5OJQJ^Jo(h)w¤5OJQJo(hvI¼h)w¤OJQJ^Jo(h¡U h)w¤OJQJ^Jo(h¡U h¡U OJQJ^Jh$?Ãh)w¤5OJQJ^J hvI¼h)w¤5OJQJ^Jo(hvI¼hvI¼5OJQJ^Jh¡U 5OJQJ^Jo(h¡U h¡U 5OJQJ^J h¡U h¡U hr7Ahr7A5OJQJ^JhvI¼hr7A5OJQJ^Jhr7A5OJQJ^Jo(u { | } Ã Ä Å Í Î !!!!!!J%K%L%M%N%P%ñêßÑĶñêÑ©ñ™‹ê~pbWJ<�hÌ"èh)w¤5OJQJ^Jh)g5OJQJ^Jo(h)w¤5OJQJo(hvI¼h)w¤OJQJ^Jo(h¡U h)w¤OJQJ^Jo(h¡U h¡U OJQJ^Jh$?Ãh)w¤5OJQJ^J hvI¼h)w¤5OJQJ^Jo(h¡U 5OJQJ^Jo(hvI¼h|ÿ5OJQJ^Jh|ÿ5OJQJ^Jo(h¡U h¡U 5OJQJ^Jh¡U 5OJQJ^J h¡U h¡U h|ÿh|ÿ5OJQJ^JP%V%W%X%…%†%‡%%%¬%%®%·%¸%Ï)Ð)Ñ)Ò)ñêßÑĶñĨ›‹}obTI<�hR5OJQJ^Jo(h)w¤5OJQJo(hvI¼h)w¤OJQJ^Jo(hH ‘hH ‘OJQJ^Jhih)w¤OJQJ^Jo(h$?Ãh)w¤5OJQJ^J hvI¼h)w¤5OJQJ^Jo(hH ‘5OJQJ^Jo(hH ‘hH ‘5OJQJ^JhvI¼h)g5OJQJ^Jh)g5OJQJ^Jo(h¡U h¡U 5OJQJ^Jh¡U 5OJQJ^J h¡U h¡U h)gh)g5OJQJ^JÒ)Ô)Ú)Û)Ü)ü)ý)þ)***** * *..... .".#.ñãÜÑö¨ãÜÃ㘊Ü}oaVIñ;Ühÿ_hÿ_5OJQJ^JhR5OJQJ^Jo(h)w¤5OJQJo(hvI¼h)w¤OJQJ^Jo(hih)w¤OJQJ^Jo(hH ‘hH ‘OJQJ^Jh$?Ãh)w¤5OJQJ^J hvI¼h)w¤5OJQJ^Jo(hvI¼hLz¥5OJQJ^JhLz¥5OJQJ^Jo(hH ‘hH ‘5OJQJ^JhH ‘5OJQJ^J hH ‘hH ‘hLz¥hLz¥5OJQJ^JhÌ"èh)w¤5OJQJ^J#.E.F.G.O.P.ƒ.„.….†...à3â3ä3æ3ð3ò3ô3ö3ñäÖÈÁñ´È¤–Á‰{m_TIT>h)w¤5OJQJo(høLÆ5OJQJo(h[5OJQJo(hvI¼hv¶OJQJ^Jo(h}Onh)w¤OJQJ^Jo(hih)w¤OJQJ^Jo(hH ‘hH ‘OJQJ^Jh$?Ãh)w¤5OJQJ^J hvI¼h)w¤5OJQJ^Jo(hH ‘5OJQJ^Jo( hH ‘hH ‘hÿ_hÿ_5OJQJ^JhvI¼hÿ_5OJQJ^Jhÿ_5OJQJ^Jo(hH ‘hH ‘5OJQJ^Jö3ú3þ344l4m4n4v4w4ˆ4‰4Š4“4”4°4²45óå×ÐÂó´×Ц–ˆyjS<�-hH ‘hH ‘B*OJQJ^JaJmH phsH -h½#¥hH ‘B*OJQJ^JaJmH phsH h½#¥hH ‘OJQJ^JaJ hH ‘hH ‘OJQJ^JaJh$?Ãh)w¤5OJQJ^J h[h)w¤5OJQJ^Jo(h[h[5OJQJ^Jh[hóSå5OJQJ^JhH ‘hH ‘5OJQJ^J hH ‘hH ‘hóSåhóSå5OJQJ^JhÌ"èh)w¤5OJQJ^JhóSå5OJQJ^Jo(n4Š4 5 5"5#5%5&5(5)5+5,5-5.5úõõðîðîðîðîîõgd°gd)w¤gdóSå
55 5
5 5 5 5 5 5!5#5$5&5'5)5*5-5.5êÓê¼ê® •‰‰‰‰•h•
1jh•
1Uh)w¤5OJQJo(h[h)w¤OJQJ^Jo(h}Onh)w¤OJQJ^Jo(-hH ‘hH ‘B*OJQJ^JaJmH phsH -h½#¥hH ‘B*OJQJ^JaJmH phsH *hH ‘B*OJQJ^JaJmH o(phsH 0182P °‚. °ÆA!°"°# $ %°°S°à ©b 2ÀÐàð 0@P`p€ÀÐàð2(Øè 0@P`p€ÀÐàð 0@P`p€ÀÐàð 0@P`p€ÀÐàð 0@P`p€ÀÐàð 0@P`p€ÀÐàð 0@P`p€8XøV~PJ_HmH nHsH tHJ`ñÿJ ck‡e $1$a$ CJKH_HaJmH nHsH tH$A òÿ¡$ Øž¤‹µk=„W[SOBióÿ³B nfhˆƒØÍ3¿\`õ?ê/ç[ج¶Géâ\Ä!ý-ÛRk.“sþÔ»..—·´aæ¿?ÿÿPK!¥Ö§çÀ6 _rels/.rels„ÏjÃ0 ‡ï…½ƒÑ}QÒÃ%v/¥C/£}á(h"ÛëÛOÇ
»„¤ï÷©=þ®‹ùá”ç šªÃâC?Ëháv=¿‚É…¤§%[xp†£{Ûµ_¼PÑ£<Í1¥H¶0•ˆÙO¼R®BdÑÉÒJEÛ4b$§‘q_× ˜žà6LÓõR×7`®¨Éÿ³Ã0ÌžOÁ¯,åEn7”Liäb¡¨/ãS½¨eªÔ е¸ùÖýÿÿPK!ky–ƒŠ theme/theme/themeManager.xml ÌM
à @á}¡wÙ7c»(Eb²Ë®»öCœAÇ ÒŸÛ×åãƒ7ÎßÕ›K
Y,œ
ŠeÍ.ˆ·ð|,§¨ÚH Å,láÇæéxÉ´ßIÈsQ}#Õ…µÝ Öµ+Õ!ï,Ý^¹$j=‹GWèÓ÷)âEë+&
8ýÿÿPK!Ç mœQtheme/theme/theme1.xmlìYMoE¾#ñ F{oc'vGuªØ±hÓF±[Ôãx=Þzvg53NêjHHˆ‚z â•Z $ʯI)*Eê_à™ÝõN¼&IAõ!ñÎ>ï÷Ǽ3¾xéNÄÐ>’ò¸éUÏWL0”Č߫§ß¿zú Þ}rx÷§Ã{÷ïþh9TÛ8ŠT/¿ýìχ £? ýòþåxYÄÿöÃ'Ï~ý¼ å3Sçù—~òèùƒO_|w¿¾)ð ïÓˆHt = aÆ+®æd NGÑ1-RlÆÄ1ÖRJøwTè ¯M1K£ãèÑ"®o
h eÀ˓ێ½PL-‘|%Œ àç¬ÅE©®hY7÷'qP.\LŠ¸=Œ÷Ëd·qìÄ·3I ofiéÞ‰£æ.ñ‰‰Bú RbÝ-J ¿îP_pÉG
Ý¢¨…i©KútàdÓŒh›F—i™ÍoÇ7;7Q‹³2«·È¾‹„ªÀ¬Dù>aŽ/ã‰ÂQË>ŽXÑáW±
Ë”ìM…_Äu¤‚H„qÔ)Ëh® °·ô+:ViØwØ4r‘BÑqÏ«˜ó"r‹Û!Ž’2lÆaû CŠb´ËU|‡»¢Ÿ!8^î›”8á>¾Ü £Ò,Aô›‰Ð±„VítàˆÆ׎…~lsàìÚ14Àç_=,ɬ·µožTV ÛGÚï"ÜѦÛæbHßþž»…'ñ.4ŸßxÞµÜw-×ûÏ·ÜEõ|ÒF;ëÐvõÜ`‡b3"G 'äe¬§¦Œ\•fH–°O »°¨éÌñä'¦$„¯i_wpÀ† ®>¢*ì…8»êi&LY%\ÂÁÎ,—òÖxÒ•=ÖõÁö‰Õ Ú彜 r6f· Ìá3´¢œTØÊ…”)˜ý:ªZ©K«ÕL«s¤å&C çMƒÅÜ›0€ [ÀË«p@×¢á`‚j¿Û½7 ‹‰ÂY†H†xHÒi»çcT5AÊrÅÜ@î”ÄH òŽñZAZC³}i' RQ\m¸,zo¥,ƒgQÒu{¤ Y\,N£ƒ¦×¨/×=äã¤éàL _£¢.õ̇Y7C¾6í-fSå³h62ÃÜ"¨Â5…õûœÁN H„T[X†65Ì«4X¬%Yý—ëàÖ³2Àfúkh±²Éð¯i~tCKF#â«b° +Úwö1m¥|¢ˆè…Ã4`±‡!ü:UÁž!•p5a:‚~€{4ímóÊmÎiÑo¯ ήc–„8m·ºD³J¶pSÇ¹æ© ØVª»1îô¦˜’?#SŠiü?3Eï'pS°2Ôðá W`¤ëµéq¡B]( ©ß08˜ÞÙw±ð’
n“ÍAöõ[s–‡)k8ð©= Aa?R¡ dڒɾc˜Uӽ˲d)#“QuebÕ }Âúº®ê½ÝC!¤ºé&i0¸£ùç>§4ôS¬7§‡ä{¯zò±Å F¹}Ø 4™ÿsKvUKoȳ½·hˆ~1³jYU€°ÂVÐHËþ5U8åVk;ÖœÅËõL9ˆâ¼Å°˜D Ü÷ ýö?*|FLë
µÏ÷ ·"ø¡A3ƒ´¬>g¤¤] Ààdm2iVÖµé褽–mÖg<éær8[kv’xŸÒÙùpæŠsjñ,zØñµ][èjˆìÑ…¥Qv11¿iuâƒÛè-¸ßŸ0%M2ÁoJÃèÙ3uÅo%Ò¿ÿÿPK!
ÑŸ¶'theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.rels„M
Â0„÷‚wooÓº‘&݈ÐÔ„ä5
6?$Qìí
®,.‡a¾™i»—Éc2Þ1hª:é•qšÁm¸ìŽ@RN‰Ù;d°`‚Žo7íg‘K(M&$R(.1˜r'J“œÐŠTù€®8£Vä"£¦AÈ»ÐH÷u} ñ›|Å$½b{Õ–Pšÿ³ý8‰g/ ]þQAsÙ…(¢ÆÌà#›ªLÊ[ººÄßÿÿPK-!‚Š¼ú [Content_Types].xmlPK-!¥Ö§çÀ6 +_rels/.relsPK-!ky–ƒŠ theme/theme/themeManager.xmlPK-!Ç mœQÑtheme/theme/theme1.xmlPK-!
ÑŸ¶'¡ theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.relsPK]œ
.,
Tÿÿÿÿ uÂÍFd u P%Ò)#.ö35.5 "#$%&') n4.5 !(ð@ð @ ñÿÿÿ€€€÷ðH ðð0ð( ð
ðð’ðð0ð( ð
ððB
ðS ð ¿Ëÿ ?ðÑàñø " ' ; C ß ê õ ù ú ü þ ï÷|„™ ¾ÆÇɱ¶ìó£ § " " ""ó*ø*e+l+
,,, , ,",#,%,&,(,),+,/, ó*ú* ,",#,%,&,(,),+,/,¦*û* ,",#,%,&,(,),+,/,)02:;=BFGJJSklmu‚ƒŒ²¼ÙÚÚã
ÂÃÃÏ D O Ê Ö ê ô @LisÊÕ%dn·Âo{ÃÍJ V … ¸ Ï!Ú!ü!"" "&"&E&O&„&&ð*ø*ù*+l+v+ˆ+“+ ,/,„q04e’†n[G],-¾ oÃņØð`<|ö÷O";0RI1%†RrSui‹¢WÂI†= {uò,† Uz*¢mù ˜r=°Ç-9hÅs»–eme†.~ñþ
{R†v ¬4†1L2Q —"†i AHA†åoG>ÝU†ß `å1_%V“ÇNH{†÷qÃìUû3†d]-©Z:KKKKn;„q0†<«?* 7Õ: Aú¥^Bå ƒl{ œ2HÊ(û#!©qŸ÷m4-cqRrS˜4>¾P]üsaO-Â?†ýYnÏb~i‹(˜ì)ib ôô>!]È.†`
RV:g&>!†Þ}N!ÔL†Ñ2Ë"â0R†Å\€|†MD-%;åblrBR]“a
6Ji¢ ÃávjÖ`†[JO 5J90†RY ø:[Æ
k 3q-r†jx 8I˜ Tpæ kÖ|†2~—
Óáy† kñ
?I‚†µ * «? = †¬#? ?* @£4leÚ dw"
†¯ šZûgÍKD Ñ2Ë^E õ-H—x €wÈôT„ bS &½xË -Z“yð ßwö IÖ>†:-þ Šu
KKKKdw"
qîX†-h‚
K^R ®
¶^‹VxBÄ
ƒ =#†/y¯pur †Ž²®
†‘'FfÆx-ZùdÄy ‹(˜û)Fk{Z†fV¼Ü-ºp—'ºE†¬4Ô!~Qœ2H` ô?I‚‡be†˜@œÂFK-<"ŸˆlÝqÒu®Ëy/†x{øš]^ž~76=&†Ÿ ³Í`
[¢ ëRH&<Ñ^êØOC!†ùd{Õ/Ì"ï ªþ[ëµhÜ2†™dª‰ ¥t†€wÈ8I˜ (fÜtl(†‚þÈ}¸t¶a9û~ð8— Ú7l±†4ö";ûg)n†Ép7v}gÓXd|•š&žH‰w¯A âgb÷uáD \*í)#Jb”LåD†
)rÞ}†—W•GL$L†rÁQHœ+V Ýò„/xCz.›^M~;¦|p%€FZPS7l±pS°#†¬±<>)†¢Sóávj†¥h5h 5†+a«l [µx• xCz‡be˜yFdxLÒy†ÈRAj>´nécR%V“†h¥a9Åó !`†ª}<œqõ}Q =¬7y] ‚óRŽ-†É.¾zfÖ7¡½
ôe o[ K H,~†HmP M~† Mg É=Õj†Ö>m ©?[%†'w …Jo8‡L òy2\ gQwez+™ ¾P]74™ `A® émÞ!†|zè ©Z:½*ú ÇB!† g; cq‘QQ £HûNK^R +a¥X„ T
aNŠ GAP†y8” ½xË †ÿS¹ ãdë Ž Ïz†¸J „VZq†êT \
~†Üa V'Po†_m 4áiÅwÁ ÃTkPBÇ `
RQ1è ýYn†pur Äp}†Àá ureP†&>!¬Z[FxX)!ÇB!x{øEC!©T‹K†ØOC!±vÚ>b(P!ä+]!é3îl „!NRÝQémÞ!ØJ#†g-í!òf³dÊ[z"·U&z†6'"´ZY†Q —"jI _†™m³"ä+]!Ý&»"û)†Õ/Ì"|zè s\ÿ"=VÑG†§~#ã)9~†ŽK #» è+†I 3#¬#? ƒ =#øi\;ØJ#p%€sHˆ#Áí†2K‹#¦|#RY †pS°#PBÇ ¢9õ#üsa†D $É°yJ!4$â`„%† qG$÷EP$ÿ"e<�@VŒ$:*$þ[ë†p½$¢]'†©?[%3eá?Z]%â`„%vd†I1%¥lYK-,ª%Ò,½=†lÍ%ÐzÜ@ÓXñ%Ü!0†E&pOQÐbS &Øb*&Tâ(6=&'w «RH&2\ ¤qP&nYvC†tˆ&݉&¢]'÷EP$†tWˆ'~d:(éR·'ñkL†í>ß'×5ÛLß'”tAz†ÂW (R ‰@†~d:(ã _(i T~tl(ëx¹,†dM´(úTâ(ÉpIê(Óé]†a#ù(Áj¹`†<>)^E †ç W)!,©f†˜Ø)lÍ%†í)MQ{Œ"*Ú^ói†²LE*^lÍXÑNE*N9†È^Ñ*›:8T†ª[?+‚v+Œýo†(S…+QHœ+Î`»+q¥f» è+{pˆ¢C,@½I†ñ#,¡Dq[mK,+@p‘qb,ˆd&dè Ÿ,Ö>m †ëx¹,¯ {uò,˜@œQ>,-÷m4-rtÌHÂFK-óRŽ-œJëN†2@—-çgGc†Åš-X*ˆy†¼Ü->o.-Dt†îtÂ.¦ –z]È.¥X„ †<}7/d|•†Ëy/dS}†ò„/: o=tjÝ/ 0ÞU0{zúOÜ!0ÈRAN+0gY|†5J90Ï$Œ}†;1š0ô©EFw2
þZ†>2 "OÊM29!"e¼W°2¯f\µhÜ2NÜ~øw×3ui‹†+æ3 DjìUû3Å óX@£4‡;¿4åd5†ºpÇ4@L†5h 5‡^B^†
-A5¦PV5åd5tWˆ'×5ÎÂ5MD-†BÌ5IìD†ÇVï5
-A5“a
6”`dñ#6ghCH†81„6‰&7͇6 ça†r!Ÿ6Q1è †¦@é6Xxî6)1:t‰&7˜XÐ\£~74\ƒ7bD9T=rÞ7€´Gr
F8 c©]†…Jo8û~ð8ï ª ó8šÔB†N9?OiêQß9¯A:ÐKx_†s›:KKKKÎ3ù:±!‹q÷O";¬4MJJ O;øi\;Ù%§|c;÷qÆvIu;ªRUÆ;ž~7†[UïU¼`fR>í>ß'IÖ>R]†±vÚ>lrBØMT?<#iq!{’?P[5=†TFž?tˆ&Ÿ?½*ú †O-Â?ØMT?‘Sá?
U|3eá?½-X{É8ç?½@}Ć*.}@˜Ø)†Ï-‡@ºT¥`†R ‰@g†ÐzÜ@Z]%HA g; †: Añs6Ay8” †DOAh u†(µA²LE*†&EÎANa†½.ÔANŠ †‘a†$,&D]”LåD|1ïq†IìDbl#gå>E½\†ô©EZÕvûn¸E‚v+†—'ºEí#öc† h Fs™]†=bDF¦^^n†¬Z[F“yð Ð’FÊ"…o+w~G¼ L`ó#—Gº{9=€´G=VÑG’oÈt†{s
Hõ-H¦PV5p@HåoG†ghCH'\L†š&žH½tŒe¥HoaQÔ!~Q…ÁY#%Q@gKU†NRÝQ ÞQî ìQ qG$ªR)b;R«,¦q†š0hR‡L †ßZwRþ
{R;1š0†±y{RìiŽRÀá †(UõRÞ$AtxcSº #Sw/Ê=FZPS8TS)b;R†ÏTSó#—G3%€SÀ{«S‡;¿4†Üg/T˜4>›:8Tµgn†bD9T]z[TÎ ²mƒ¢TD $þ`ÂTÿS¹ ï,!UÏrdi†@gKUÞU0
g€U‚þ ³UxcS>ÝUC;ŒrXYYVáD ¶^‹V4öOÊV©J$WûWûWÅ6…XÊM2:3œXàq•Y†Õ¬XÎ3ù:†±OµXº #S^lÍX\<ðjgÓXQ>,- qîXª}<Å óX_/,J´ZYƒ¢T†ã`-Y<MYv †àq•Yv^mC†…ÁY< Z…&xFk{ZÍKD
þZH p†Ì [Üenxø:[†=ö^Í`
[Œ0’[(>Y†¯f\Í?\Iê(†½\úMö˜XÐ\~Ðf<1/Õ\Ås»†¬7y]Â>aQs™]Øð† c©]Hv¿I†Óé]vIu;š]^ph$^‡^B^ß `.›^†=ö^å1_ÐKx_¶a9†jI _l{ ó !`‘qb,†¼ L`èY`å ƒºT¥`”=Ö}Áj¹`‘QQ †ïU¼`§>Ö`_m †T
a݉&Na[mK,†9a€ ‘q†˜…aÎÂ5†˜>‘asq¥y†3jÕaßZwR çaôT„ 3b@Ïz†ì)ibõU~b1 µH†øU b§~#†%;åb@VŒ$03 cD.£BçgGcg-í!†va€cÑ^ꆅÑc(µA†UÝcš0hR†í#öc©J$Wvd0q|”`dˆd&d›@ÒMòf³d,-¾Znüd¦|#†9!"e2K‹#¦g+eª/eµ * ^EeŽ²†æL\eå>E†–eme¥HgQweŠu
½tŒeduŒeFd†ú &fJiƒ,\f<}7/†¾zfs{Tq¥f3%€S!,©fqx{~ÐfXxî6ŠaÙf6Ýf< Z†bl#g¥^BLkQgäJ9r† g8|k=šZûgÇ-9hšK?OiÔuß<�MeBiÏrdiØb*&†Ïb~i±y{R4áiã`-YÚ^ói X–u†NFüi£~7 DjtjÝ/v,…jÉ8ç?w¿jþ`ÂTÉ=Õjˆ4¶q\<ðjædk gÃTk Z l!{’?†klV:g†é3îl<|ö<IeùlJ+Lê^(mˆšK†ô.‘mz*¢mA âÎ ²mÚHnèY`µgn „!ûg)nfR>†¦^^nV ݆, mnºkj>´nh#Ûn gV'Po½
ô†Ê"…oÄ"™o6GP†e oh¥¶.´orÁšv½o Mg †Œýo]z[TH pTFž?(Ap(S…++@pª[?+bEp=rÞ7¹C½p¤qP&†¡Dq„VZq• †<#iq±!‹qù ˜€ ‘qQ =†«,¦qÅwÁ #!©q{s
Hˆ4¶qŠaÙfˆlÝq|1ïq6SŽ~Rðq3q-rIeùl†äJ9r+æ3†C;Œrn[G° ùrÏ-‡@†y0®sb(P!öês{fM-DtÄy †)1:to
ývÞ$AtÅ6…Xð 0w?0w?0w?0w?ä.¢tª/e‰ ¥t(ApÈ}¸t’oÈt ³U2…&xph$^Üenx[µx, mnfÆx&xn
þxï0¨<�†=.y6Ýf†Ö+OyrgOX*ˆy‹xÓu†˜yd]-sq¥y7ÕÉ°yxLÒyîtÂ.Óáy];yw†òy‰w¯·U&zé*N{†”tAzr=°†WhKzjx ‡.TzJi¦ –z@Ïz¶.´o†Ž Ïz¸`ÈO†%þz³qöwv {ÇNH{$,&Dé*N{‘Sá?MQ{
HR{͇6†jbS{½-X{qx{¦@é6mð{™dª†0q|ì~èvgY|öês†
U|[|ç W)†\€|+w~G;¦|¦g+ekÖ|ä.¢t†y>Ø|BÌ5†dS}XYYVÄp}§R>Ï$Œ}dM´(ßMš}J<¿v†”=Ö}jbS{œqõ}\
~ ô=†H,~03 c†ã)9~WhKzi T~¹;¸~j{Á~0¡N†NÜ~L s{TŸ<(>Y\*†4e’z+™ jª{pË4\ƒ7“Ï(kàI†Áí—x †úMöjª¤å£…[w°2 R¡U ñ Ép
j^ òNÿ_atißwbƱ.h j<ShªT O >s r#ßl$ƒ}&‘m'»m(» )%j,ÐP.ÙI/•
1†Z2' 4t4.6ô6CJ8Ë9Äe=K&>E!@JJ@r7AíECïnD·uDVF0 I4TJÇKUL%Ma NMKXGYãPYÂ^rO_ 5a„7aHc
2eµQf)gjMiÓckalTHlLm}On[ rÐps0@uI1vywicy‚X}øu~/€Wt„mwˆº=‰Ê=‰Ò`ŒjŒNJH ‘Ñ9‘l’.~’v–=H›Ð~œdUõ Ÿ=IŸFjŸToŸ4 ðM þ2¤)w¤Lz¥ ¨£c¨7«U<¬ [¬óT°·r°€±ì±÷´õ^¶v¶Ñ\ºA¼vI¼|W½r¾´ ¿ðÃ$?ÃøLÆ¢
ɽ!Ês/Ê Íà8Î*Ъ-Ñå_Ñ$-ÓÿfÖ><ÙÇKÛÒrÛòCà7"ãÝåóSå?5æÉçÌ"èGlèbJéhëÖ-ì¢í
îÄ"îwñ Pó2øÔù—Yù û“Eü`-ý|ÿ ,",ÿ@(*+.,h@h2hh@ÿÿUnknownÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿG ‡* €ÿTimes New Roman5 €Symbol3. ‡* €ÿArial7. ‡ ŸVerdana;†‹[SOSimSunA ï ë BŸCambria Math qˆ¤h;"ÛfÈ:\‡‚e•‹%P•‹%P!-!),.:;?]}¨·ÇÉ & 6"0000 0 0
00000ÿÿÿ ÿ ÿÿÿÿ ÿ=ÿ@ÿ\ÿ]ÿ^ÿàÿ([{· 0
0 00000ÿÿ;ÿ[ÿáÿåÿ ´œ‚€r
,
, 3ƒQüýHXðÿ?¨ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÌ"è2! xx ÿÿuseruserþÿà…ŸòùOh«‘+'³Ù0Xˆœ¨¸ÄØ èô
,8@HP¨ user Normal.dotm user 130 Microsoft Office Word@žPß1@¢yþé\Ê@(‹–oÓ•‹%þÿÕÍÕœ.“—+,ù®0´
X`t|„Œ ”œ¤¬¨ MicrosoftP
,
!"#$%&'()*þÿÿÿ,-./0123456789:;<�=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSþÿÿÿUVWXYZ[þÿÿÿ]^_`abcþÿÿÿýÿÿÿfþÿÿÿþÿÿÿþÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿRoot Entryÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÀFð⽸oÓh€1Tableÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ+QWordDocumentÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ2TSummaryInformation(ÿÿÿÿTDocumentSummaryInformation8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ\CompObjÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿuÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿþÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿþÿ
ÿÿÿÿ ÀF#Microsoft Office Word 97-2003 Îĵµ
MSWordDocWord.Document.8ô9²q