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Journal of Political Economy Volume 123, Issue 2, April 2015 1. Title: Estimating the Cream Skimming Effect of School Choice. Authors: Altonji Joseph G, Ching-I Huang and Taber, Christopher R. Abstract: University of Wisconsin and National Bureau of Economic Research We derive a formula to determine the degree to which a school choice program may harm public school stayers by luring the best students to other schools. The "cream skimming" effect is increasing in the degree of heterogeneity within schools, the school choice take-up rate of strong students relative to weak students, and the dependence of school outcomes on student body quality. We use the formula to investigate the cream skimming effect of hypothetical voucher programs on the high school graduation rate and other outcomes of the students who would remain in public school. We find small effects across a wide variety of model specifications and types of modest voucher programs. 2. Title: Aligning Learning Incentives of Students and Teachers: Results from a Social Experiment in Mexican High Schools. Authors: Behrman, Jere R, Parker, Susan W, Todd, Petra E and Kenneth I. Abstract: This paper evaluates the impact of three different performance incentive schemes using data from a social experiment that randomized 88 Mexican high schools with over 40,000 students into three treatment groups and a control group. Treatment 1 provides individual incentives for performance on curriculum-based mathematics tests to students only, treatment 2 to teachers only, and treatment 3 gives both individual and group incentives to students, teachers, and school administrators. Program impact estimates reveal the largest average effects for treatment 3, smaller impacts for treatment 1, and no impact for treatment 2. 3. Title: A Flying Start? Maternity Leave Benefits and Long-Run Outcomes of Children. Authors: Carneiro, Pedro, Løken, Katrine V and Salvanes, Kjell G. Abstract: We study a change in maternity leave entitlements in Norway. Mothers giving birth before July 1, 1977, were eligible for 12 weeks of unpaid leave, while those giving birth after that date were entitled to 4 months of paid leave and 12 months of unpaid leave. The increased time spent with the child led to a 2 percentage point decline in high school dropout rates and a 5 percent increase in wages at age 30. These effects were larger for the children of mothers who, in the absence of the reform, would have taken very low levels of unpaid leave. 4. Title: The Generalized Roy Model and the Cost-Benefit Analysis of Social Programs. Authors: Eisenhauer, Philipp, Heckman, James J and Vytlacil, Edward. Abstract: The literature on treatment effects focuses on gross benefits from program participation. We extend this literature by developing conditions under which it is possible to identify parameters measuring the cost and net surplus from program participation. Using the generalized Roy model, we nonparametrically identify the cost, benefit, and net surplus of selection into treatment without requiring the analyst to have direct information on costs. We apply our methodology to estimate the gross benefit and net surplus of attending college. 5. Title: Linear Social Interactions Models. Authors: Blume, Lawrence E. Brock, William A. Durlauf, Steven N.and Jayaraman, Rajshri. Abstract: This paper provides a systematic analysis of identification in linear social interactions models. This is a theoretical and econometric exercise as the analysis is linked to a rigorously delineated model of interdependent decisions. We develop an incomplete information game for individual choice under social influences that nests standard models as special cases. We consider identification of both endogenous and contextual social effects under alternative assumptions regarding an analyst's a priori knowledge of social structure or access to individual-level or aggregate data. Finally, we discuss potential ramifications for identification of endogenous formation of social structure. 6. Title: How Effective Is the Minimum Wage at Supporting the Poor? Authors: MaCurdy, Thomas. Abstract: This study investigates the antipoverty efficacy of minimum wage policies. Proponents of these policies contend that employment impacts are negligible and suggest that consumers pay for higher labor costs through imperceptible increases in goods prices. Adopting this empirical scenario, the analysis demonstrates that an increase in the national minimum wage produces a value-added tax effect on consumer prices that is more regressive than a typical state sales tax and allocates benefits as higher earnings nearly evenly across the income distribution. These income-transfer outcomes sharply contradict portraying an increase in the minimum wage as an antipoverty initiative.     $'/027:<=>@Ia€ˆ‰›ðßͼͼͼ­¼™‘„vfYLvAYhicy5OJQJ^Jh
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