ÐÏࡱá>þÿ qsþÿÿÿpÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿì¥ÁYà ðR¿mPbjbj[É[É2T9£ \9£ \%- ÿÿÿÿÿÿ·""¥¥¥¥¥ÿÿÿÿ¹¹¹8ñ\M¹œSliiiii÷RùRùRùRùRùRùR$U¶¾WHS9¥S¥¥ii4VSÙÙٝ~¥i¥i÷Rٝ÷RÙÙÙiÿÿÿÿð\ôl5+Ñÿÿÿÿ(ÙãRlS0œSÙXCFXÙÙr3X¥KO˜ÙSS‰PœSÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿX"I k: Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly Volume 44, Issue 6, December 2015 1. Title: Twitter as a Communication Tool for Nonprofits: A Study of Sport-for-Development Organizations Authors: Per G. Svensson, Tara Q. Mahoney, and Marion E. Hambrick Abstract: Previous research suggests sport-for-development organizations strategically aim to engage people through social media in hopes of generating increased offline support (Thorpe & Rinehart, 2013). Using the framework set forth by Lovejoy and Saxton (2012), the purpose of this study was to explore how nonprofit organizations use Twitter to disseminate information, build engagement, and facilitate action. A content analysis of 3,233 tweets revealed a larger proportion of interactive communication, yet one-way communication was the most common function. Overall, the use of social media to facilitate action among stakeholders was scarce, but the way organizations used Twitter to provide information, interact with followers, and create a call for action varied considerably among them. Interestingly, these differences were not associated with annual revenue, organizational age, targeted social issues, or number of countries of operation. This study has important theoretical and practical implications, and provides a first look at how sport-for-development organizations use Twitter. 2. Title: To Volunteer or Not: The Influence of Individual Characteristics, Resources, and Social Factors on the Likelihood of Volunteering by Older Adults Authors: Sarah Dury, Liesbeth De Donder, Nico De Witte, Tine Buffel, Wolfgang Jacquet, and Dominique Verté Abstract: The study examines a hybrid theory containing individual characteristics, resources, and social factors and volunteering of older adults living in Belgium. As scholars have pointed out the underresearched importance of taking the recruitment potential of older adults into account, this study investigates whether potential volunteers, actual volunteers, and non-volunteers in later life are different from each other in terms of individual characteristics (e.g., religiosity), resources (e.g., socioeconomic status), and social factors (e.g., social networks and social roles). Data for the present research were derived from the Belgian Aging Studies, a sample of 31,581 individuals aged 65 to 80 years. Logistic regression analyses indicate that altruistic and religious values, physical health, frequent contact with friends, and providing help to others are important predictors for potential volunteers as well as actual volunteers. Overall, the results indicate important insights for recruitment and retention of older volunteers. 3. Title: The Effect of an Online Self-Assessment Tool on Nonprofit Board Performance Authors: Yvonne D. Harrison and Vic Murray Abstract: This article reports on perceptions of the effectiveness of nonprofit organization boards of directors and changes in governance behavior obtained from the first 1,446 users of a free online board performance self-assessment tool known as the Board Check-Up (www.boardcheckup.com), Board Effectiveness Survey Application (BESA). Respondents came from 122 organizations in Canada, the United States, Australia, and other countries. The article describes the conceptual framework for the study and the underlying theory of change on which it is based. It presents findings on the types of governance issues respondents perceived as most problematic in their boards. It also describes changes in governance behavior and practices reported by respondents, who completed an impact assessment some time after the use of the online self-assessment tool. The results provide empirical support for the value of utilizing the online board performance self-assessment application and insights into its impact as a means of making changes in the governance process. Next steps in this international longitudinal research study are discussed. 4. Title: Neighborhood Associations and Their Strategic Actions to Enhance Residents’ Neighborhood Satisfaction Authors: Misun Hur and Ashley G. Bollinger Abstract: A neighborhood-representing community association (or neighborhood association [NA]) can offer community-based solutions to address problems and needs within a neighborhood. From this study, we expected to see the potential benefits that such an association could contribute to a neighborhood and its residents. A questionnaire survey was conducted in five neighborhoods in Greenville, North Carolina, in summer 2011. The study had two main research questions: “Do the NA’s tasks have an impact on resident’s overall neighborhood satisfaction?” Next, we asked, “Are there specific features that make a NA serve residents effectively and thus make people satisfied with their association?” We found significant contributions by NAs in communication and community activities that affected residents’ overall neighborhood satisfaction. We also found that an association’s contributions in maintaining active communications with residents were the most significant feature that residents appreciated. 5. Title: Measuring Value Creation in Social Enterprises: A Cluster Analysis of Social Impact Assessment Models Authors: Cecilia Grieco, Laura Michelini, and Gennaro Iasevoli Abstract: The relationship between business and community is becoming increasingly important, especially with the current blurring of the boundaries between profit and not-for-profit sectors, and the growing number of hybrid organizations such as social enterprises. For these organizations, the assessment of social impact plays a strategic role in helping them understand to what extent their social mission has been accomplished. As a result of increasing interest in the practice of Social Impact Assessment (SIA), many models have been developed, but a system to classify them is still lacking, and so the overall picture remains rather fragmentary if not confusing. In this research, a hierarchical cluster analysis was developed based on a sample of 76 SIA models to group them in macro-categories and help social entrepreneurs choose the model that is best suited to the needs of their organization. 6. Title: Fraud and Corruption in U.S. Nonprofit Entities: A Summary of Press Reports 2008-2011 Authors: Deborah S. Archambeault, Sarah Webber, and Janet Greenlee Abstract: The charitable sector is vulnerable to fraud losses, with these losses negatively impacting the organization’s reputation, future funding, and ability to advance its mission. Research on nonprofit fraud is relatively scarce, due mainly to limited availability of data. We create a database that summarizes and describes basic facts (nature and timing of fraud, description of organization, magnitude of loss, and perpetrators) for 115 incidents of detected fraud occurring in U.S. nonprofit organizations. We find a disproportionately high incidence of nonprofit fraud in the Health and Human Services National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities Groups, a high percentage of females committing misappropriation frauds, and that the organizational role of the perpetrator is related to the size of the fraud loss. We also investigate whether organizations detecting a nonprofit fraud report this information, as required, on Internal Revenue Service Form 990, and find that many organizations do not comply. 7. Title: The Relationship between Philanthropic Foundation Funding and State-Level Policy in the Era of Welfare Reform Authors: Jennifer E. Mosley and Joseph Galaskiewicz Abstract: Philanthropic foundations play important symbolic and leadership roles in public policy debates by conferring legitimacy upon specific social problems and policy solutions, but little is known about how they respond to policy change and the roles they adopt in relationship to government. We investigate the degree to which foundations are responsive to the policy environment and ask whether they adopt roles consistent with meeting social needs, promoting social innovation, or both. We also investigate how these roles vary by foundation type (independent, community, corporate) and size. Longitudinal data on grants made by more than 1,000 U.S. foundations during the welfare reform era of 1993-2001 show that during this time foundation grants were not responsive to population need; grants to safety net and social service programs did not increase. Large foundations and independent foundations focused on social innovation by funding research and workforce development and giving more in states pursuing policy innovation. 8. Title: Testing Resource Dependency as a Motivator for NGO Self-Regulation: Suggestive Evidence from the Global South Authors: Khaldoun AbouAssi Abstract: This article builds upon existing research to approach self-regulation from the theoretical perspective of resource dependency. The underlying assumption is that an organization is more likely to adopt self-regulation practices if it has a high level of resource dependence. Using regression analysis to evaluate data collected from one-sector nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in Lebanon, results provide moderate support for some claims, mainly that diversity of funding sources is positively correlated with self-regulation practices. Without being able to deal with many of the reasonable alternative explanations, these results are at best “suggestive.” Self-regulation among this small subset of Lebanese NGOs is not necessarily adaptive or resource-based; it is more likely to be proactive and a result of voluntary adherence to informal norms and expectations. Further empirical research is needed to sort out between resource dependency explanations and plausible alternatives. 9. Title: Advocating for Policy Change in Nonprofit Coalitions Authors: Rachel Fyall and Michael McGuire Abstract: As nonprofit organizations have become more essential to public service delivery, their representatives increasingly seek to influence the public policy process. In spite of this tendency toward advocacy, research often overlooks the nuanced perspective of nonprofit representatives who undertake such activity through coalitions. The analysis presented here offers an accounting of the struggles faced by nonprofit professionals as they pursue the myriad activities that constitute an advocate’s portfolio. The work is guided by a reconsideration of the dichotomies prevalent in nonprofit advocacy research and is presented through the eyes and words of nonprofit advocates. The research uses the context of a particular network of coalition organizations and service providers in the area of affordable housing. Drawn from a grounded theory approach, the findings offer emergent themes that deserve attention when designing new studies on nonprofit advocacy. åN N/ffNÄ‹ 10. Title: From the Outside in: Suburban Elite, Third-sector Organizations, and the Reshaping of Philadelphia Authors: Ram A. Cnaan Abstract: The article reviews the book  From the Outside in: Suburban Elite, Third-sector Organizations, and the Reshaping of Philadelphia” by T. A. Carolyn. 11. Title: Philanthropy and American Higher Education Authors: Jeremy B. Luke and Bruce A. Kimball Abstract: The article reviews the book “Philanthropy and American Higher Education” by J. R. Thelin and R. W. Trollinger. 12. Title: The Paradox of Generosity: Giving We Receive, Grasping We Lose Authors: Jim Alexander Abstract: The article reviews the book “()02;=JKLNWµ¶¾¿÷øíÜʹªÊ˜„}pbTFb;T.ht45OJQJ^Jo(hÁ)P5OJQJ^Jh}0»h}0»5OJQJ^Jh—-žh—-ž5OJQJ^JhÌ"èhU<¬5OJQJ^Jh·uD5OJQJ^Jo( hÌ"èhÌ"è&hÌ"èhÌ"è5CJOJQJ^JaJo(#h$M h$M 5CJOJQJ^JaJh$M 5CJOJQJ^JaJ h$M 5CJOJQJ^JaJo(#hÌ"èhÌ"è5CJOJQJ^JaJ h}0»5CJOJQJ^JaJo(#h$M h$M 5CJOJQJ^JaJ)KLM¶øE G H ä OijÀë`aÑüìí]÷÷òíèíãÞÞÙÙÙÞÔÔÔÞÏÏÏÊÅgdÐpsgd)w¤gd$?ÃgdToŸgdßl$gd%j,gd—-žgd}0»gdU<¬gdÌ"è$a$gdt4ø  E F G H I K Q R ã ä ì í NOXYghijñä×ÍÀµ¨ñš¨Œ|š¨Œ|šnaWI>h%j,5OJQJo(híB’hU<¬OJQJ^Jo(hMýOJQJ^Jhñ&?hñ&?OJQJ^JhíB’hßl$OJQJ^Jo(hvI¼hßl$5OJQJ^Jo(hñ&?hñ&?5OJQJ^Jhßl$hßl$5OJQJ^Jhßl$5OJQJ^Jo(hjŒ5OJQJo(híB’ht4OJQJ^Jhù~iOJQJ^Jh—-žh—-žOJQJ^JhíB’hjŒOJQJ^JhÌ"èhU<¬5OJQJ^Jjklmst¿ÀÈÉêëôõ^_`abdjkóåÞÐó²Ðó²Ф—€uhZL?h$?Ã5OJQJ^Jo(h$?Ãh$?Ã5OJQJ^JhÌ"èh%j,5OJQJ^Jhs/Ê5OJQJ^Jo(h%j,5OJQJo(híB’haNOJQJ^JhÀ1jOJQJ^Jh¤ [h¤ [OJQJ^JhíB’hToŸOJQJ^Jo(hvI¼hToŸ5OJQJ^Jo(h¤ [h¤ [5OJQJ^JhToŸhToŸ5OJQJ^J hToŸhToŸhÌ"èhÒ`Œ5OJQJ^JhToŸ5OJQJ^Jo(kÐÑÙÚûüêëìíîðö÷\]ef›ñáÓÆñáÓ¸« ’‡zl^zPB^zPhvI¼hÐps5OJQJ^Jh¾Wh¾W5OJQJ^JhÐpshÐps5OJQJ^JhÌ"èh)w¤5OJQJ^JhÐps5OJQJ^Jo(h)w¤5OJQJo(híB’h%j,OJQJ^Jo(h3\%OJQJ^Jo(h3\%h3\%OJQJ^JhíB’h$?ÃOJQJ^Jo(h$?Ã5OJQJ^Jo(h$?Ãh$?Ã5OJQJ^JhvI¼h$?Ã5OJQJ^Jo(h3\%h3\%5OJQJ^J]œ) * Š Í À$Á$9%m%)€)ø)*ü-ý-<.f.d2f2r2t2P3|3]4^4”4úõõððõõëëõõææææææææææáááæágd…cgd=W&gd|ÿgdr7Agd)w¤gdÐps›œ¥¦' ( ) * + - 3 4 ‰ Š ’ “ Ì Í Ö × ¾$¿$À$Á$ðâÔǼԱ¤–ˆ¤zlˆ^zðâÔQFÔ±h†fIOJQJ^Jo(h†fIh†fIOJQJ^JhvI¼hvI¼5OJQJ^JhvI¼hr7A5OJQJ^Jh†fIh†fI5OJQJ^Jhr7Ahr7A5OJQJ^JhÌ"èh)w¤5OJQJ^Jhr7A5OJQJ^Jo(h)w¤5OJQJo(h¾WOJQJ^Jo(h¾Wh¾WOJQJ^JhíB’h)w¤OJQJ^Jo(h$?Ãh)w¤5OJQJ^JhvI¼h)w¤5OJQJ^Jo(Á$Â$Ä$Ê$Ë$Ý$8%9%B%l%m%v%w%})~))€))ƒ)‰)Š)óå×ó̾°×¾ ’„wm„dWI;Wh|ÿh=W&5OJQJ^JhÌ"èh=W&5OJQJ^Jh=W&5OJQJ^Jo(h)w¤5OJQJhpOJQJ^Jh%h%OJQJ^JhíB’h)w¤OJQJ^Jo(h$?Ãh)w¤5OJQJ^JhvI¼h)w¤5OJQJ^Jo(hvI¼h|ÿ5OJQJ^Jh%h%5OJQJ^Jh‚Ga5OJQJ^Jh|ÿh|ÿ5OJQJ^JhÌ"èh)w¤5OJQJ^Jh|ÿ5OJQJ^Jo(Š)Ã)ã)÷)ø)*****ú-û-ü-ý-þ-...;.<.E.e.f.ñæñØÊñº¬ž‘†{qdVÊI;ØÊ;ºhåthåt5OJQJ^Jh=W&5OJQJ^Jo(hÌ"èh=W&5OJQJ^JhcDÁ5OJQJ^Jo(h=W&OJQJ^Jh=W&OJQJ^Jo(h‚GaOJQJ^Jo(h‚Gah‚GaOJQJ^JhíB’h=W&OJQJ^Jo(h$?Ãh=W&5OJQJ^JhvI¼h=W&5OJQJ^Jo(h|ÿh=W&5OJQJ^JhvI¼h=W&5OJQJ^Jh‚Ga5OJQJ^Jh‚Gah‚Ga5OJQJ^Jf.o.p.`2b2d2f2p2t2x2|2ˆ2Š23N3P3b3z3ñãÖÌÁ¶«¢•‡ylaSC5Shmwˆh…c5OJQJ^Jh[h…c5OJQJ^Jo(hkhk5OJQJ^JhY!¿5OJQJ^Jh…c5OJQJ^Jo(h$?Ãh…c5OJQJ^JhÌ"èh…c5OJQJ^Jhk5OJQJ^Jo(h…c5OJQJh…c5OJQJo(h·C 5OJQJo(h=W&5OJQJo(h=W&OJQJ^JhåthåtOJQJ^JhíB’h=W&OJQJ^Jo(h$?Ãh=W&5OJQJ^Jz3|3Ž33Ì3H4M4Z4[4]4^4`4b4h4i4‹4“4”44À4Á4Ê4Ë4é455ðâÕÆ·Æ¨Æœ“†xâÕm_OA_ðâÕÆ·Æhmwˆh…c5OJQJ^Jh[h…c5OJQJ^Jo(hŒhŒ5OJQJ^JhY!¿5OJQJ^JhÌ"èh…c5OJQJ^JhŒ5OJQJ^Jo(h…c5OJQJh…cOJQJ^JaJhkhkOJQJ^JaJhY!¿hY!¿OJQJ^JaJhÈ3(h…cOJQJ^JaJh…c5OJQJ^Jo(h$?Ãh…c5OJQJ^Jh$?Ãh…c5OJQJ^Jo(”4Á4<5=5‡5ž5^P_PaPbPdPePgPhPjPkPlPmPúúúúúúúõóõóõóõóóúgd°gd…c595:5<5=5?5A5G5H5ƒ5†5‡555ž5§5¨5Æ5P>PBPñâÖÈ»­Ÿ’‡yi[yKŸ’âI:âhY!¿hY!¿OJQJ^JaJUh$?Ãh…c5OJQJ^Jo(hmwˆh…c5OJQJ^Jh[h…c5OJQJ^Jo(hY!¿hY!¿5OJQJ^JhY!¿5OJQJ^Jh…c5OJQJ^Jo(h$?Ãh…c5OJQJ^JhÌ"èh…c5OJQJ^JhY!¿5OJQJ^Jo(h…ch…c5OJQJo(h…cOJQJ^JaJhÈ3(h…cOJQJ^JaJhŒhŒOJQJ^JaJThe Paradox of Generosity: Giving We Receive, Grasping We Lose” by C. Smith and H. Davidson.     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